Nicotine: Potentially a Multifunctional Carcinogen?

TOXICOLOGICAL HIGHLIGHT Nicotine: Potentially a Multifunctional Carcinogen?

Cigarette smoking and the use of smokeless chewing tobacco have been closely tied to the development of several human cancers, including lung, oral, esophageal, and bladder. Additionally, individuals exposed to tobacco or tobacco smoke have a substantially increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, destructive periodontitis, and pulmonary, immunological, and gastric dysfunction. Although smokin...

Nicotine flux: a potentially important tool for regulating electronic cigarettes.

Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts smoking topography and carcinogen biomarker level.

BACKGROUND Variability in smoking behavior is partly attributable to heritable individual differences in nicotine clearance rates. This can be assessed as the ratio of the metabolites cotinine and 3'-hydroxycotinine (referred to as the nicotine metabolism ratio; NMR). We hypothesized that faster NMR would be associated with greater cigarette puff volume and higher levels of total 4-(methylnitro...

Nicotine and carcinogen exposure with smoking of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarette.

BACKGROUND Reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes to make them non-addictive has been widely discussed as a potential strategy for tobacco regulation. A major concern with nicotine reduction is that smokers will compensate for reduced nicotine by smoking more cigarettes and/or smoking more intensively, thereby increasing their exposure to tobacco smoke toxins. This study examined whether g...

Nicotine, carbon monoxide, and carcinogen exposure after a single use of a water pipe.

BACKGROUND Smoking tobacco preparations in a water pipe (hookah) is widespread in many places of the world, including the United States, where it is especially popular among young people. Many perceive water pipe smoking to be less hazardous than cigarette smoking. We studied systemic absorption of nicotine, carbon monoxide, and carcinogens from one water pipe smoking session. METHODS Sixteen...